John Irish born circa 1611; died before March 1677/78, of Duxbury, Mass.

John Irish was born England about 1611 (based on an assumption he was 18 at the time of his indenture). He’s my 9^th great-grandfather on my grandfather Arthur Washburn Davis’ side of the family. Unfortunately there is a lack of vital records concerning John and his family.

In an indenture dated 20 April 1629 "John Irish of the parish of Clisdon in the county of Sumersett, laborer," agreed with Timothy Hatherly, feltmaker, of the parish of St. Olave in Southwark to "dwell, serve, remain & abide with the said Timothy Hatherly or his assigns at the town of Plimouth called New England from the day of the date of these presents unto the end & term of five years from thence next ensuing" (SJC Case #3597). Besides board and lodging, John was to receive 5 pounds per annum and at the expiration of his term of service was to receive 25 acres of land and 12 bushels of wheat (Bristol County Ma LR 2:120).

There is no Clisdon parish in Somersetshire. George Irish attempted to show that Cliddesden (also spelled Clisdon) in Hampshire was meant, but his argument is not convincing.

John settled at Plymouth in 1630. Some researchers believe he arrived on the Talbot, which is reasonable since that ship was known to be carrying servants for Plymouth. He removed to Duxbury by 1639. In records he is referred to as a laborer, a roper, and a planter.

John Irish must have been one of "Mr. Hatherlie's two men" who appeared in the Plymouth tax lists of 25 March 1633 and 27 March 1634 (PCR 1:10, 27). The other was likely Ephraim Tinkham.

John Irish was one of four men working for John Howland who from a canoe sawed at John Hocking's anchor cable when the trader encroached on the Plymouth men's trading ground granted to them at Kennebec (now Maine). Hocking shot and killed Moses Talbot during the skirmish and then one of Howland's men shot and killed Hocking. 

He is on the list of voluntaries in a June 1636 letter from Edward Winslow to Gov. Winthrop about men ready to go to war against the Pequots (PCR 1:61). He was in the Duxbury section of the 1643 Plymouth Colony list of men able to bear arms. (PCR 8:189)

Duxbury town records of 1639 show that the people of Duxbury promised William Hiller and George Pollard certain concessions for setting up a grist mill on Stony Brook and one concession was to "do our best endeavours to procure the lands of John Irish and Henry Wallis," offering them an exchange elsewhere, or to give Hiller and Pollard 6 pounds toward the purchase of same (PCR 12:73).

On 5 April 1641 John Rowse testified that John Irish and Henry Wallis made a covenant that the "longer liver of them should have each other's five acres of land lying by the Stony Brooke in Duxborrow." Irish as the survivor was consequently granted the land at Wallis's death (PCR 2:12-13). On 11 June 1641 John Irish traded his ten acres of upland on the north side of Stony Brooke and two acres of marsh meadow adjoining, for the dwelling house and garden and fruit of William Hiller in Duxbury (PCR 12:74).

On 5 March 1643/4 the court ordered that "John Irish is to have his twenty-five acres of land due for his service, made up by Duxborrow men, because it is agreed upon formerly that such servants as are to have lands by their covenants at the expiration of their term are to be provided for in the towns where they live or are received as inhabitants" (PCR 2:69).

John married, circa 1644, probably at Duxbury, Mass., Elizabeth, who maiden name is unkown.

John and Elizabeth had:
Elizabeth, born by 1644, married Phillip Washburn, lived at Duxbury.
John, born about 1647, married 1^st Elizabeth (Savory or Thurston?) and 2nd Priscilla Southworth, settled at Little Compton, RI.
Elias, born about 1649, married Dorothy Witherell.

I descend from their daughter Elizabeth. Willis Irish wrote that they also had a daughter Lydia who married someone named Gray and moved to France, but gives no sources for this. 

John Irish Jr's grave at his farm, Little Compton RI

On 29 Sept 1658 John Irish of Duxbury was given liberty to "make enquiry and search out a portion of land to accommodate him according to his indenture" (PCR 3:149). On 3 June 1662 John Irish appeared on the list of "servants and ancient freemen" who were given liberty to find land at Saconett Neck or some other place (PCR 4:18).

Apparently Irish did not get the land in Duxbury and on 29 Sept 1658 the court ordered that John Irish of Duxbury could search out land according to his indenture, with Constant Southworth to help him find it (PCR 3:149).

On 7 Dec 1659 John Irish of Duxbury, roper, "with the consent of Elizabeth his wife" sold to "Guydo Bayley" of Bridgewater, planter, "all that his share, lot and portion in the lands and township of Bridgwater" (MD 14:91, citing PCLR 2:2;30b).

His name was on the 1662 list of former servants and ancient freemen to be granted land at Saconett Neck (PCR 4:18).

Elizabeth died in Sakonnet (now Little Compton, Rhode Island) on 28 August 1687. Claims that she was Elizabeth Risley have no substantial proof.

On 20 Dec 1673 John Irish of Duxbury, planter, deeded to "Elias Irish my true and natural son...my whole share and portion of land at or about Saconnet...belonging unto me the said Jon Irish as an ancient servant" (PCLR 3:305). On 5 March 1677/8 division was ordered on a parcel of land at Saconett " which was the land of John Irish deceased, and by him bequeathed to his two sons, Elias Irish and John Irish Junior, his brother" (PCR 5:252). On 20 March 167(3/)4 John Irish Sr. of Duxbury, planter, deeded to 'John Irish his true and natural son' his right to land at Saconnet; on 23 March 1673/4 John Irish Sr. and his wife Elizabeth Irish acknowledged the deed (BrLR 1:382) Maybe Elias had died or was missing at this time.

There is no record that John Irish ever became a freeman of Plymouth Colony.

John died before 5 March 1677/78, probably in Duxbury, Mass, when he is referred to as deceased.

Although no will was found, the court on 5 March 1677/8 ordered a division of the land owned by John Irish, deceased, at Saconett, which he had "bequeathed" to his two sons, John Jr. and Elias (PCR 5:252); however, from the same court records it appears that son Elias had died earlier, for on 30 Oct 1677 William Witherell of Taunton (Elias' wife Dorothy's father) was given the administration of his estate (PCR 5:247) and it is the same William Witherell who was given the divided share of Elias, who is called William Witherell's "Child."

Sources Not Listed Above:

Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins, 1995

Eugene Stratton, Plymouth Colony, Its People and History, 1986

Willis Luther Irish and Stella Bertha (Putnam) Irish, Descendants of John Irish the Immigrant 1629-1963 and Allied Families, 1964.

Benjamin Booth, born 1667, and Mary Sutton, born 1666, of Scituate and Middleborough, Mass.

Benjamin Booth was born Scituate, Mass., on 4 July 1667, the son of John and Elizabeth (Granger) Booth. I wrote about John and Elizabeth here. Benjamin is my 9^th great-grandfather on my grandfather Arthur Washburn Davis’ side of the family. He is not related to my Booth family on my grandmother’s side of the family who were Canadian and Anglo-Irish.

In 1690 Benjamin married Mary Sutton. She was born Scituate 22 January 1665/6, daughter of John and Elizabeth (House/Howes) Sutton of Hingham and Scituate. His brother, Joseph, impregnated Mary Sutton, but he left town instead of marrying her as was custom. Benjamin must have been a very responsible person as he then married Mary Sutton.

On 26 October 1686 Mary Sutton confessed to "committing fornication with Joseph Booth" and was sentenced to pay five pounds or be publicly whipped. I hope her father had the five pounds to pay to spare her the pain and indignity. "Mary Sutton of Sittuate made oath before the Court that Joseph Booth of Sittuate is the only father of the child she late bore in the world."

Depiction of a whipping post

Their children were born Scituate (recorded Scituate VRs):
Naomi Booth born 31 July 1691
Rachel Booth born 5 May 1693
Hannah Booth born 1 May 1696
Benjamin Booth born 19 July 1698
John Booth born 16 September 1700
Isaiah Booth born 10 March 1702/03

I descend from Naomi Booth who married Thomas Pierce.

An old postcard of Scituate Harbor

A deed dated 26 March 1709 has grantors Benjamin Booth and wife Mary relinquish "all our estate rights" on all property in Scituate or elsewhere to "our brother, John Sutton," previously held by "our brother, Nathan, late of Scituate, deceased..."  The evidence in this deed positively identifies Benjamin's first wife as Mary Sutton, born 22 January 1665/6, the daughter of John 2 Sutton (John1) of Hingham and Scituate and his wife, Elizabeth (House).  This marriage (dated about 1690) casts doubt on Torrey's reported earlier marriage (ca 1687) of the same Mary Sutton to Benjamin's older brother, Joseph. No evidence has been found supporting that marriage, which would have made the marriage of Benjamin to Mary incestuous. It may have been based on an assumption made from the 1686 Plymouth County court records of the sentencing of these two un-wed people for being parents of an illegitimate child. Joseph Booth left Plymouth County before 1690, settling on land in Kent County, Pennsylvania (now Sussex County, Delaware) and marrying there in 1690.

No evidence has been found of Mary's illegitimate child surviving to adulthood. Joseph was ordered in 1686 to pay child support for seven years. Perhaps the child died young, releasing Joseph of his obligation.

Mary Sutton Booth died sometime after 26 March 1709 (signed quitclaim deed), probably at Middleborough.

Benjamin married, second, about 1719 Hannah Stoughton. She was born Taunton, Mass. on 4 July 1679, the daughter of Nicholas and Elizabeth (Knapp) Stoughton. Although their marriage was not recorded, it is proven through two deeds concerning Benjamin and Hannah Booth and her late father Nicholas Stoughton and her brother Samuel Stoughton who was missing and presumed dead.

Benjamin and Hannah had two known sons: Samuel and Anthony. Their birth records haven’t been found, but they are known to be Hannah’s sons from relationships given in deeds outlined below.

Hannah died between 9 April 1725 (birth of last child) and 26 March 1745 (husband gifted homestead to son), probably at Middleborough.

Benjamin served on several juries. In 1708 as Benjamin Booth, Scituate Husbandman, he brought a case against Mary Bacon, which originally went her way but he won on appeal. Also that year, Thomas Jenkins sued Benjamin Booth, which Benjamin won for an award of more than 13 pounds. In 1720 Benjamin Booth and Isaac Pearce defaulted on a suit against them pertaining to a mortgage of land in Middleborough.

John Booth, Benjamin's father, did not leave a will but while living deeded his land to his sons John, Benjamin and Abraham.  Benjamin was deeded 25 acres in Conihasset (I believe this is an area in Scituate). He was to pay his sisters 2 pounds 10 shillings each, under the same conditions as his brother John Jr. In 1709, Benjamin (of Scituate) and his siblings received payment of over 7 pounds each from their brother John Booth for land that had been their father's.

Benjamin Booth died at Middleborough between 26 March 1745 (deed of his homestead as a gift to son John) and 9 April 1746 (heirs signed quitclaim deed to settle the estate of their deceased brother Samuel).

The deed states that the several "elder brothers (and sisters) of the half blood and the others of us (who) are in the same line of the half blood," all of Middleborough, gathered on 9 October 1746 and signed a second (quitclaim) deed releasing their inheritance rights in Samuel's estate to their half-brother Anthony. Samuel and Anthony lived in Cornwall, Connecticut.

The signers of the deed were: Benjamin Booth, John Booth, Isaiah Booth, Naomi (Booth) and her husband Thomas Pierce, Nathaniel Staples (husband of Rachel Booth, indicating that Rachel died prior to this date) and Ephraim Reynolds and his wife Else Reynolds. All of these signers were cited above as the known children of Benjamin Booth, with two exceptions: Hannah Booth is absent and the Reynolds couple is present. It seems Hannah died without issue prior to this date. Another possibility is that one of the two Reynolds is an heir of Hannah Booth.

Sources Not Listed Above:

Malcolm A. Young, John 1 Booth of Marshfield and Scituate, Massachusetts: Servant and Planter, NEHGR, Vol 159, July 2005
   
Malcolm A.  Young, The Two Wives of Benjamin Booth of Early Scituate and Middleborough, Massachusetts, The American Genealogist, Vol 74, July 1999                            

Eugene Stratton,  History of Plymouth Colony It's History and People, 1986

Happy Mother’s Day: Mary Chilton 1607-1679, England, Plymouth and Boston

My 11^th great-grandmother Mary Chilton was baptized on 30 May 1607 at Sandwich, Kent, England. She came to Plymouth on the Mayflower with her parents, when she was 13 years of age. They survived the long, arduous journey but her father, James, died on board the Mayflower when it was anchored off the shore of Provincetown. Mary’s mother, whose name is not known*, died that first winter when so many Pilgrims died. It is believed that Mary then joined the household of Myles Standish.

 

Sarcophagus on Cole's Hill, Plymouth, holding the remains of the Pilgrims who died the first winter

The Chilton’s were members of the Separatist group and lived at Leiden, Holland, where James worked as a tailor. The couple had other children, but Mary was the youngest and only one to make the voyage on the Mayflower.  Gov. Bradford wrote that later another of the Chilton’s daughters came to Plymouth, likely Isabella. 

I wrote an earlier post on James Chilton and his daughter Mary here.  

A longstanding tradition has held that Mary Chilton was the first of the Mayflower passengers to step onto Plymouth Rock, but that seems like more myth than fact.

Dramatic painting of Mary Chilton stepping on Plymouth Rock. How did all the other people get on land?!

Before 22 May 1627, Mary married John Winslow who was born at Droitwich, Worcestershire, England 16 April 1597, the son of Edward Winslow and Magdeline Oliver. His brother was Mayflower passenger Edward Winslow who became Governor of Plymouth Colony. Edward was said to be one of the most aristocratic in upbringing of the Mayflower passengers. John came to Plymouth in 1621 on the Fortune.

Mary was the only Mayflower passenger to move to Boston. John became a successful merchant there. 

Mary and John had ten children:  John, Susanna, Mary, Edward, Sarah, Samuel, Joseph, Isaac, an unnamed child who died young, and Benjamin. Only the birth of their youngest son, Benjamin, was recorded at Plymouth (in 1653) but they were likely all born there. Remarkably all but one of their children lived to adulthood.

I descend from their daughter Mary, who married Edward Grey/Gray. I wrote about that couple here.

They transferred their church membership from Plymouth to the Third Church, now Old South Church, in Boston, on 16 July 1671, but had probably been in Boston since the 1650s.

Current Old South Church built in 1874-5

On 19 Sept 1671 John bought, for sum of 500 pounds in New England silver money, "the Mansion or dwelling-house of the Late Antipas Boice with the gardens wood-yard and backside as it is scituate lying and being in Boston aforesaid as it is nowe fenced in And is fronting & Facing to the Lane going to mr John Jolliffes." They lived at this house until his death in 1674 and hers five years later.

The Society of Mayflower Descendants marked the site of Mary's last home on Spring Lane, Boston, near the Third Church, now the Old South Church.

The plaque reads: "Mary Chilton the only Mayflower passenger who removed from Plymouth to Boston died here in 1679. John Winslow and Mary Chilton were married at Plymouth about 1624, came to Boston about 1657, and bought a house on this site in 1671. John Winslow died here in 1674. As a passenger on the Mayflower in 1620 Mary Chilton came to America before any other white woman who settled in Boston." Dedicated in 1924, attached to the Minot Building.

Plaque marking the location of Mary and John's home

John Winslow died in between March and May 1674 in Boston. His will is dated 12 March 1673, and mentions 7 children, some grandchildren, and other relatives.

He left well beloved wife Mary Winslow use of dwelling house with gardens and yards for her natural life, all household goods, 400 pounds. Son John received house and land after Mary's death; grandson William Payne, son of daughter Sarah Meddlecott, 50 pounds; granddaughter Parnell Winslow, daughter of son Isaack Winslow 50 pounds; children of son John Winslow to divide katch Speedwell, of which John (senior) was sole owner, and the cargo be divided among them on her return to Boston; son Benjamin 100 pounds when he turns 21; son Edward, if he relinquishes share in Katch Speedwell, he will have one quarter part of Katch John's Adventure,  katch and cargo to be divided among other children, excepting John and Edward; grandchild Susanna Latham 30 pounds at day of her marriage; rest of daughter Latham's children five pounds each, when come of age or are married; son Edward's children five pounds each; son Edward Grey's children he had by daughter Mary Grey 20 pounds each; son Joseph Winslow's 2 children five pounds each; grandchild Mercy Harris' two children five pounds; kinsman Josiah Winslow, Gov of Plymouth, 20 pounds paid in goods; brother Josiah Winslow 20 pounds in goods; kinswoman Eleanor Baker, daughter of brother Kenelm Winslow, 5 pounds in goods; rest of estate shall be divided and distributed at wife's death, My Paddyes widow 5 pounds as a token of my love; Negro girl Jane shall be free after she has served 20 years from this date. Son John executor. Friends Thomas Brattle, William Tailer, John Winsley as overseers, each received 5 pounds. He gave permission to sell any vessels not mentioned in will, as well as any goods and merchandise for the best advantage of his children.

Inventory taken 27 October 1674, includes wearing apparel, 200 pounds, pieces of eight, French crownes, cross dollars, English money, barrels of pork, cargo of Ketch Speedwell, debts owed him by various people, cargo of the Bark Mary, pink Jane and Sarah; hogsheads of sugar and tobacco. Total 2946 pounds, 14 shillings, 10 pence.

Mary died between 31 July 1676 and 1 May1679. It is believed Mary and John are buried in the Winslow family tomb at King's Chapel Burying Ground in Boston.

Winslow family tomb and modern stone for John and Mary Winslow, King's Chapel

Mary Winslow, of Boston, wrote her will on 31 July 1676. She left her son John her great square table; daughter Sarah Middlecott her best gown and petticoat, silver bear (beer?) bowl and to each of her children a silver cup with a handle; grandson William Paine, great silver tankard; daughter Susanna Latham long table, six joined stools, great cupboard, bedstead and furniture belonging to it in the chamber over the room where "I now Lye", small silver tankard, six silver spoons, case of bottles, all wearing apparel, except gown to daughter Sarah and grandchild Susanna Latham; grandchild Ann Gray trunk of linen already delivered to her, one bedstead, bed bolster and pillows in the chamber over the hall, 10 pounds; Mrs. Tappin to be paid 4 pounds in money per year for three years for and towards the maintenance of the said Ann Gray according to agreement with Mrs. Tappin; granddaughter Mary Winslow, daughter of son Edward,  largest silver cup with 2 handles; grandaughter Sarah Winslow, daughter of son Edward, lesser silver cup with 2 handles; also to his children six silver spoons; grandchild Parnell Winslow 5 pounds to be improved by Executor until he comes of age; divide spoons among grandchildren according to discretion of daughter Sarah; granddaughter Mercy Harris white rug; granddaughter Mary Pollard 40 shillings; granddaughter Susanna Latham petticoat with silk lace; grandaughter Mary Winslow, daughter of son Joseph, 20 pounds at age 18 or day of marriage; remainder to children John Winslow, Edward Winslow, Joseph Winslow, Samuel Winslow, Susanna Latham, Sarah Middlecott, to divide equally. Friend William Tailer of Boston, merchant, exec. Added: Mr. Thomas Thacher pastor of the Third Church in Boston: 5 pounds.

Signed by her mark. Witnesses by John Ilands, Francis Hacker, John Hayward. Wm Tailer in May 1679 renounced his Executorship of will.

You can see transcriptions of John and Mary’s wills at http://www.mayflowerfamilies.com.

Mary is one of my ancestors that truly intrigues me. She was orphaned as a child in a new land, married of man from an important family, grew to become wealthy and influential, raised a large family in the 17^th century when women had few individual rights, and lived to the advanced age of 72 years of age. She saw so much in her long lifetime: struggles for religious freedom, lifelong separation from siblings, violence, loss of husband and children, financial success, and hopefully a lot of joy.

* Many reports give Mary's mother's name as Susanna Furner, but no modern documentation supports this. 

 

Sources Not Included Above:

Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins, 1995

John G. Hunt, “Origins of the Chiltons of the Mayflower," The American Genealogist, 38:244-245.

Michael R. Paulick, “ The Mayflower Chiltons in Canterbury, 1556-1600" New England Ancestors, Spring 2007

Caleb Johnson, "A New Record Relating to James Chilton," The Mayflower Quarterly, June 2009

Robert Sherman et al, Mayflower Families, Volume 15: James Chilton, Richard Moore, 1997.

Shubael Baker b. 1741 and Rebecca Chase b. 1747, of Yarmouth (now Dennis), and Harwich Mass.

Update, May 28, 2022: Thanks to fellow descendant Debbie for bringing Shubael Baker's will to my attention. He names his wife Rebecca, so he did not marry, second, Elizabeth Chase, as I had previously thought was a possibility. I have updated my sketch below to reflect this new (to me) information. 

Shubael Baker was born 11 November 1741 in Yarmouth, Mass., the son of Shubael and Lydia (Stewart/Stuart) Baker. Shubael is my fifth great-grandfather on my grandmother Milly (Booth) Rollins’ side of the family.

I am always intrigued by the names of my ancestors. Shubael is a Biblical name meaning “captive of God” and is pronounced sheb-oo-ale. He must have always had to spell his first name throughout his life and the spellings are quite varied. I guess he was lucky his last name was Baker!

On 15 November 1764 Shubael married Rebecca Chase in Harwich. Their marriage was the first performed by Rev. Nathan Stone.

Rebecca was born 24 August 1747, the daughter of Richard and Thankful (Berry) Chase. I wrote about Richard and Thankful here. I also descend from Richard and Thankful’s son Samuel Chase who married Zilpha Burgess.

Shubael and Rebecca had 11 children:

1. Hepsibah born 15 October 1765, m. Zenas Chase
2. Archelaus born 26 Nov 1767, m. Mehitable Chase
3. Rebecca/Rebecah  b. 18 Dec 1770, m. David Howes
4. Shubael born 10 July 1772, m. Mercy Smalley
5. Ezra born 5 Sept 1775, m. Susanna Gage
6. Michael, born 6 Nov 1776, d. 7 April 1796
7. Ensign, born 3 July 1779, married Sally Nickerson  
8. Temperance, b. 15 Oct 1781, m. Henry Kelly
9. Abigail b. 22 Nov 1783 m. Edward Sears
10. Silvanus, b. 24 August 1786, m. Bethia Crowell
11. Halsey/Halsa, born 27 Feb 1790, m. Mercy Allen. 

I descend from Rebecca/Rebecah. I wrote about her here. Six of Shubael and Rebecca’s sons settled at South Dartmouth in Bristol County, where the family were mariners. They were so prevalent the area they lived in was called Bakersville.

Rev. Nathan Stone’s diary has an entry about the death of Shubael Baker’s wife on 5 March 1786 at age 77. Some researchers assume this is Rebecca, but the age is not correct so I believe this is Shubael senior’s wife Lydia. Because of this,  some descendants attributed son Halsey to a proposed second wife Elizabeth Chase, daughter of Abner and Deborah (Baker) Chase. I now believe that is not the case and that Shubael only married once and that Halsey was the son of that wife, Rebecca.

This Elizabeth married David Bassett with whom she was still having children when the marriage to a Shubael Baker took place. Elizabeth and David had children named Abner and Deborah. There is a Yarmouth marriage record of a Shubael Baker marrying Elizabeth Chase on 5 July 1787, but if this was Elizabeth who first married David Bassett her name would be Bassett at the time of her marriage. Maybe Shubael Senior remarried as his wife had died the year prior. Something to investigate further. 

Shubael Baker was a lieutenant in 1777 from Barnstable. Oct . 21 [1777], Regimental Orders: Lt. Baker to take command of Capt. Lewis' company, he being dismissed unfit for service; ..." Oct. 25 [1777], Capt. Higgins, who had command of Capt. Lewis' company, being also sick, Lt. Baker was directed to take command of the company from Barnstable; and Capt. Higgins' company, consisting of men from Chatham, Wellfleet and Eastham were joined to Capt. Bang's company." I have not applied to DAR using Shubael's service, but others have successfully done so. 

"Shubeal" Baker of Harwich, being weak body but sound of mind, wrote his will on 20 October 1814. He names his wife Rebecca and his six sons (Michael had predeceased him) and four daughters. His son Archelaus was named executor. 

I have not found death information on Shubael and Rebecca, but it is likely Shubael died close to October 1814 in Harwich. 

Sources Not Listed Above:

Nancy Thacher Reid, Dennis, Cape Cod from Firstcomers to Newcomers, 1639 – 1993, 1996

CW Swift, Library of Cape Cod History and Genealogy, "The Baker Family of Yarmouth, Descendants of Francis," No. 73, 1912

Burton N. Derick, Dennis Source Records, Volume 1: Church Records, 2004, Diaries of Rev. Nathan Stone

Shubael's will: Ancestry “Massachusetts, US, Wills and Probate Records, 1635-1991,” image 91, citing Probate Court, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, Probate Records 1686-1894